Students of folklore divide Karagiozis' tales in two major categories: the 'Heroics' and the 'Comedies'. The scene is occupied by his cottage on the left, and the Sultan's Palace ( Saray (building)) on the far right.īecause of his poverty, Karagiozis uses mischievous and crude ways to get money and feed his family. He lives in a poor cottage ( Greek: παράγκα) with his wife Aglaia and his three sons, during the times of the Ottoman Empire. Karagiozis is a poor hunchbacked Greek, his right hand is always depicted long, his clothes are ragged and patched, and his feet are always bare. Yet others believe that it originated from real events involving two masonry workers named Karagöz and Haci Ivat working in the construction of a mosque in the city of Bursa, Turkey in early 14th century. Some stories say that Greek merchants brought the art from China and others say that it was a Greek who created the "legend" during Ottoman rule for the entertainment of the sultan. But there are several legends as well as studies surrounding Karagiozis's arrival and subsequent popularity in Greece. The genre became a fully integrated, though adapted, amongst the Greek population. Mimaros, regarded as the founder of modern Greek shadow theater. Karagiozis was hellenized in Patras, Greece in the end of 19th century by Dimitrios Sardounis, a.k.a. Karagiozis seems to have come to mainland Greece, probably from Asia Minor ( Anatolia) at the 19th century, during Ottoman rule. It is still performed in Turkey, especially during Ramadan celebrations, under the same name. Originally, his popular appeal was his scatological language and protruding phallus. Whatever the case, it is worthwhile to mention that regardless of religious restrictions, shadow theater became more widespread around the 16th century among the Muslim Turks. Many argue for a Mediterranean origin in the Egyptian shadow puppet tradition. There are several stories of how shadow theater was established in Asia Minor. The name Karagiozis or Karaghiozis is from Greek Καραγκιόζης, borrowed from Turkish Karagöz 'dark eye'. Shadow theatre, with a single puppeteer creating voices for a dialogue, narrating a story, and possibly even singing while manipulating puppets, appears to come ultimately from the Indonesian wayang kulit or Chinese pi ying xi Shadow play. In the 16th century, Ottoman Grand Mufti Muhammad Ebussuud el-İmadi issued a celebrated opinion allowing the performance of Karagöz plays. The first Karagöz–Hacivat play was performed for Sultan Selim I (reigned 1512–1520) in Egypt after his conquest of the country in 1517, but 17th century writer Evliya Çelebi stated that it had been performed in the Ottoman palace as early as the reign of Bayezid I (reigned 1389–1402). Some believe that it originates from the island of Java where shadow puppet shows ( wayang kulit) were played already as early as in the 11th century and arrived in the Ottoman Empire via traders.
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